Digital technology has been shown to encourage autonomy and improve diabetes outcomes. HCPs are increasingly supporting autonomous DSM given the current strain on health care resources and the fact that face-to-face consultations and education courses may not work for everyone. When first diagnosed, patients usually receive DSM education and support from HCPs, followed by ongoing support from other practitioners and community resources. Therefore, DSM education and support is paramount, especially at the point of diagnosis, to influence patients’ behaviors and enhance their engagement with diabetes care. Patients also have to cope with the reality of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications and an increased risk of disability and death. For patients living with type 2 diabetes, DSM entails adherence to prescribed medication, maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity, routine foot checks, frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels if using insulin or sulfonylureas, and managing symptoms of low or very high glucose levels. Self-management is a more appropriate term when describing the strategies that patients use to cope with the emotional and practical issues encountered while living with a long-term illness. Self-care refers to behaviors and activities undertaken to manage acute illnesses or injuries, with a focus on treatment. The term self-management is often used interchangeably with self-care. Most diabetes management is thought to involve self-management. Diabetes self-management (DSM) can improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications. This often means that patients have limited time with clinicians to discuss diabetes management and optimize treatment. Most patients are managed in primary care settings, and given the increasing prevalence, health care settings are experiencing unprecedented demands for clinical appointments and input from health care professionals (HCPs). Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of this condition and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The management of diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease requires heavy health care resource consumption and up to a 4-fold increase in health care costs. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications and increases the risk of death this risk is highest in the young age group. Diabetes prevalence continues to increase worldwide, affecting 1 in 11 people.
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